Evolutionary thinking is beginning to infiltrate medical practice and has the potential to transform how clinicians explain human diseases. Evolutionary medicine takes a long-term view of why humans suffer from various diseases and addresses the reasons behind these. Proponents of this relatively new field argue that clinicians need to understand basic concepts In evolutionary biology and that these should be embedded in the training students receive in medical schools. Historically, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, medical writings did include evolutionary concepts, but this approach fell out of favor following the excesses of the Second World War.
Evolutionary medicine emerged again in the 1990s and has slowly been building momentum around the world with journals, societies, books, and papers expanding in number and visibility. Although biologists and other scientists have been the main proponents, a growing number of physicians and medical students are becoming involved as the field reaches a new maturity.
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